Zn-CD@Eu Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe for the Detection of Dipicolinic Acid, Uric Acid, and Ex Vivo Uric Acid Imaging.

Development of reliable methods for the detection of potential biomarkers is of the utmost importance for an early diagnosis of critical diseases and disorders. In this study, a novel lanthanide-functionalized carbon dot-based fluorescent probe Zn-CD@Eu is reported for the ratiometric detection of dipicolinic acid (DPA) and uric acid (UA). The Zn-CD@Eu nanoprobe was obtained from a simple room-temperature reaction of zinc-doped carbon dots (Zn-CD) and the EDTA-Eu lanthanide complex. Under optimal conditions, a good linear response was obtained for DPA in two concentration ranges of 0-55 and 55-100 µM with a limit of detection of 0.53 and 2.2 µM respectively, which is significantly below the infectious dosage of anthrax (∼55 µM). Furthermore, the Zn-CD@Eu/DPA system was employed for the detection of UA with a detection limit of 0.36 µM in the linear range of 0-100 µM. The fluorescent probe was successfully implemented for determining DPA and UA in human blood serum, sweat, and natural water bodies with considerable recovery rates. In addition, the potential of the nanoprobe for ex vivo visualization of UA was demonstrated in fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) as a model organism.

Ca@Cu-CD nanoprobe for dual detection of glycine and ex vivo glycine imaging.

Hydrothermally prepared copper-doped carbon dots (Cu-CDs) were modified with Ca2+, which serve as an excellent platform for the recognition of glycine. The feeble emission of Ca@Cu-CD increases substantially in the presence of glycine due to aggregation-induced emission. At the same time, there was a 5-fold increase in the current response of the Ca@Cu-CD modified electrode as compared to the control. The exceptional combination of fluorescence and conducting properties, along with Ca-glycine interaction, establishes our probe as a dual sensor for the detection of glycine in real serum samples. The limit of detection for this nonenzymatic fluorescence and electrochemical sensing are 17.2 and 4.1 nM, respectively. Furthermore, an extensive evaluation of the toxicity and bioimaging properties in fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster shows that the Ca@Cu-CD probe is not cytotoxic and can be applied for ex vivo imaging of glycine.

In Vivo Toxicological Analysis of the ZnFe2O4@poly(tBGE-alt-PA) Nanocomposite: A Study on Fruit Fly.

Recently, the use of hybrid nanomaterials (NMs)/nanocomposites has widely increased for the health, energy, and environment sectors due to their improved physicochemical properties and reduced aggregation behavior. However, prior to their use in such sectors, it is mandatory to study their toxicological behavior in detail. In the present study, a ZnFe2O4@poly(tBGE-alt-PA) nanocomposite is tested to study its toxicological effects on a fruit fly model. This nanocomposite was synthesized earlier by our group and physicochemically characterized using different techniques. In this study, various neurological, developmental, genotoxic, and morphological tests were carried out to investigate the toxic effects of nanocomposite on Drosophila melanogaster. As a result, an abnormal crawling speed of third instar larvae and a change in the climbing behavior of treated flies were observed, suggesting a neurological disorder in the fruit flies. DAPI and DCFH-DA dyes analyzed the abnormalities in the larva's gut of fruit flies. Furthermore, the deformities were also seen in the wings and eyes of the treated flies. These obtained results suggested that the ZnFe2O4@poly(tBGE-alt-PA) nanocomposite is toxic to fruit flies. Moreover, this is essential to analyze the toxicity of this hybrid NM again in a rodent model in the future.

Exploration of Teratogenic and Genotoxic Effects on Model Organism Drosophila melanogaster.

Drosophila melanogaster is one of the crucial in vivo models in terms of analyzing the toxicity of various unknown chemicals. Every part of the fly serves as a model in metabolic and therapeutic approaches. Genotoxic and teratogenic compounds are exposed to Drosophila through the oral route. Further, the toxicity of genotoxic compounds is analyzed in Drosophila's gut, hemolymph, and phenotype. The toxicity of teratogen compounds is also analyzed using a Drosophila embryo. The current chapter summarizes several techniques that are used to detect the genotoxicity and teratogenicity of any unknown compound in this model.

Daphnia magna as a Model Organism to Predict the Teratogenic Effect of Different Compounds.

For aquatic ecosystem Daphnia magna is evolving as a model organism to check the teratogenicity of numerous compounds. D. magna can be easily cultured in the laboratory, and the teratogen effect of several compounds can be easily studied. The developmental stages are well studied in D. magna. All the developmental stages are transparent so the defect can be easily accessed. So, the postembryonic developmental changes can be easily studied after the exposure with teratogen. More importantly, D. magna also have a swimming behavioral phenotype. The behavioral defect can be easily accessed after teratogen exposure. The current chapter summarizes numerous protocols associated with embryo and adult staining and adult behavioral assays that can be used to access the teratogenicity of any unknown compound.

Regulation of the apico-basolateral trafficking polarity of the homologous copper-ATPases ATP7A and ATP7B.

The homologous P-type copper-ATPases (Cu-ATPases) ATP7A and ATP7B are the key regulators of copper homeostasis in mammalian cells. In polarized epithelia, upon copper treatment, ATP7A and ATP7B traffic from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to basolateral and apical membranes, respectively. We characterized the sorting pathways of Cu-ATPases between TGN and the plasma membrane and identified the machinery involved. ATP7A and ATP7B reside on distinct domains of TGN in limiting copper conditions, and in high copper, ATP7A traffics to basolateral membrane, whereas ATP7B traverses common recycling, apical sorting and apical recycling endosomes en route to apical membrane. Mass spectrometry identified regulatory partners of ATP7A and ATP7B that include the adaptor protein-1 complex. Upon knocking out pan-AP-1, sorting of both Cu-ATPases is disrupted. ATP7A loses its trafficking polarity and localizes on both apical and basolateral surfaces in high copper. By contrast, ATP7B loses TGN retention but retained its trafficking polarity to the apical domain, which became copper independent. Using isoform-specific knockouts, we found that the AP-1A complex provides directionality and TGN retention for both Cu-ATPases, whereas the AP-1B complex governs copper-independent trafficking of ATP7B solely. Trafficking phenotypes of Wilson disease-causing ATP7B mutants that disrupts putative ATP7B-AP1 interaction further substantiates the role of AP-1 in apical sorting of ATP7B.

In Vivo Wound Healing in Drosophila melanogaster and Mouse Models: Synergistic Effect of Bovine Serum Albumin and Graphene Quantum Dots.

Bovine serum albumin (BSA)-based biomaterials have garnered significant attention for their remarkable potential in wound healing, primarily due to their effective biological actions in addressing the skin inflammation phase and mitigating hypoalbuminemia. Motivated by these attributes, a nanocomposite hydrogel is developed by blending BSA with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), complemented by the incorporation of graphene quantum dot (GQD). The FTIR study establishes a hydrogen-bonding interaction between the -NH2 groups of BSA and the -OH group of PVA. Microscopic investigations establish that the dispersion of GQDs with an average size of 22.5 nm results in smoothening of the surface of the nanocomposite. The nanocomposite hydrogel reveals excellent swelling attributes of about 920% in a period of 6 h due to its optimum cross-linking condition. Furthermore, the hydrogel exhibits a water vapor transmission rate of 8.45 mg cm-2 h-1, akin to the transmission rate of wounded skin. The PVA/BSA@GQD nanocomposite's antibacterial efficacy is evaluated against Morganella morganii bacteria, showing 99% killing, while its cytotoxicity assay against HeLa cells exhibited a minimum cell viability of 76% at a 20 µM concentration, which is ideal for a wound dressing material. In vivo wound healing investigations are conducted on Drosophila, showcasing a 100% wound surface closure within 4 h. This outcome is further substantiated through in vivo studies involving mice, where complete re-epithelialization is achieved within a span of 13 days. The combined results establish the PVA/BSA@GQD nanocomposite as a potential wound dressing material.

Spectroscopic features of a perylenediimide probe for sensing amyloid fibrils: in vivo imaging of Aß-aggregates in a Drosophila model organism.

Customised perylenediimide (PDI) chromophores find diverse applications not only as chemosensors, inorganic-organic semiconductors, photovoltaics, photocatalysts, etc., but also in protein surface engineering, bio-sensors and drug delivery systems. This study focuses on the interaction of a custom synthesized phenylalanine derivatized perylenediimide (L-Phe-PDI) dye with a model protein, insulin, and its structurally distinct fibrils to develop fluorescence sensors for fibrillar aggregates and in vivo imaging applications. Detailed photophysical studies revealed that L-Phe-PDI gets aggregated in the presence of insulin and causes emission quenching at pH 7.4, which in the absence of insulin occurs only at pH ∼2. During in vitro incubation of insulin to its fibrils, the fluorescence intensity of the L-Phe-PDI probe is enhanced to ∼150 fold in a two-stage manner, manifesting the pathways of structural transformation to ß-sheet rich mature fibrils. The in vivo sensing has further been validated in living models of the Aß-mutant Drosophila fly, which is known to develop progressive neurodegeneration comparable to that of human brains with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Bioimaging of the L-Phe-PDI treated Aß-mutant Drosophila documented the blood-brain/blood-retina-barrier cross-over ability of L-Phe-PDI with no toxic effects. Comparison of the fibrillar images from the brain and eye region with the reference thioflavin T (ThT) probe established the uptake of L-Phe-PDI by the aggregate/fibrillar moieties. The samples from L-Phe-PDI-treated flies apparently displayed reduced fibrillar spots, a possible case of L-Phe-PDI-induced disintegration of fibrillar aggregates at large, an observation substantiated by the improved phenotype activities as compared to the untreated flies. The findings reported both in vitro and in vivo with the L-Phe-PDI material for the first time open up avenues to explore the therapeutic potential of custom-designed PDI derivatives for amyloid fibril sensors and bioimaging.

Supramolecular assembly of coumarin 7 with sulfobutylether-ß-cyclodextrin for biomolecular applications.

Coumarins, in general, exhibit a wide range of photophysical characteristics and are highly sensitive to their microenvironment, and, therefore, their fluorescence characteristics have attracted immense attention as sensors in chemical and biological systems. In the present study, the supramolecular interaction of a bichromophoric coumarin dye, namely, Coumarin 7 (C7) with sulfobutylether-ß-cyclodextrin (SBE7ßCD) macrocyclic host at different pH conditions has been investigated by using optical spectroscopic techniques such as absorption, steady-state and time-resolved emissions, and circular dichroism measurements and compared with that of ßCD. Considerable enhancement in the fluorescence intensity and lifetime of C7 on complexation with SBE7ßCD proposes that non-radiative processes like TICT behavior are strictly hindered due to the confinement in the host cavity experienced by the C7 dye. The increase in the rotational correlation time evaluated from the fluorescence anisotropy decay kinetics further confirms the formation of tightly bound inclusion complexes. The binding constant values reveal that the monocationic form of dye at pH 3 shows ∼3 times stronger interaction with SBE7ßCD than the neutral form of dye at pH 7 due to strong electrostatic cation-anion interaction. SBE7ßCD:C7 exhibits an improved photostability and an upward pK a shift of 0.4 unit compared to the contrasting downward pK a shift of 0.5 with the ßCD. The enhanced fluorescence yield and increased photostability have been exploited for bioimaging applications, and better images were captured by staining the Drosophila fly gut with the SBE7ßCD:C7 complex. The enhancement in the binding interaction and the emission intensity were found to be responsive to external stimuli such as small competitive binders or metal ions and nearly quantitative dissociation of the complex was demonstrated to release the dye and would find stimuli-responsive applications.

Polymeric curcumin nanospheres for lysozyme aggregation inhibition, antibacterial, and wound healing applications.

The present study reports highly stable polymeric nanoparticles comprising curcumin and polyvinylpyrrolidone, and then conjugated with gold nanoparticles, resulting in C-PVP and C-PVP-Au, respectively. The synthesized conjugates C-PVP and C-PVP-Au were investigated for amyloid aggregation inhibition activity, antimicrobial activity, and wound healing applications. The anti-amyloidogenic capacity of nanoconjugates were studied for model protein, hen egg-white lysozyme (HEWL). The ThT binding assay, fibril size measurement, and electron microscopy results revealed that conjugates suppress fibrillogenesis in HEWL. The highest amyloid inhibition activity obtained against C-PVP and C-PVP-Au was 31 µg.mL-1 and 30 µg.mL-1, respectively. The dissociation activity for amyloid aggregation was observed against Q-PVP and Q-PVP-Au at 29 µg.mL-1 and 27 µg.mL-1, respectively. The antibacterial studies show significant efficacy against Escherichia coli (E. coli) in the presence of C-PVP and C-PVP-Au. The substantial antibacterial potential of C-PVP@PVA and C-PVP-Au@PVA membranes shows promising wound healing applications. The PVA membranes with nanoparticles promote the antibacterial activity and wound healing activity in the Drosophila model. C-PVP-Au@PVA membrane healed the wound faster than the C-PVP@PVA, and it can be used for better results in wound healing. Thus, C-PVP-Au and C-PVP have higher bioavailability and stability and can act as multifunctional therapeutic agents for amyloid-related diseases and as wound healing agents. Graphical abstract C-PVP, and C-PVP-Au conjugates for inhibition of HEWL aggregation, antibacterial and wound healing activity.

Coumarin-Based Noncytotoxicity Fluorescent Dye for Tracking Actin Protein in In-Vivo Imaging.

Drosophila shares maximum homology with the human disease-causing genes and thus has been employed to evaluate the toxicity of numerous compounds. Further, its distinguishable developmental stages, easy rearing, and short lifespan make it a perfect model organism to study toxicological properties of any new compound. The current study evaluates the toxic effect of a coumarin-based organic fluorescent dye, 7-hydroxy-4-methyl-8-((4-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)thiazol-2-ylimino)methyl)-2H-chromen-2-one (CTC), using Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism by studying different behavioral, screening, and staining techniques using Oregon-R flies. For toxicity assessment, one control fly group was compared with various flies that had been subjected to fed CTC dye orally of different concentrations (0.5, 1, 2.5, and 5 µg/mL). The 3rd instar larvae were checked for the larvae crawling assay. The crawling assay demonstrates that the speed and path of the treated larvae are almost equal to the control ones, which signifies the non-neurotoxic property of CTC. Trypan blue assay further suggested that the dye does not cause any major damage to the gut. Phalloidin staining revealed that the actin composition remains unaltered even after the CTC treatment, while the DAPI staining experiment indicates that CTC does not cause any nuclear damage to fly gut cells. However, at a concentration of 5 µg/mL, CTC causes developmental delay. The flies hatched after larval treatment of CTC do not show any structural defects, suggesting clearly that CTC is also nongenotoxic to Drosophila. The current studies propose CTC as a noncytotoxic and nongenotoxic dye to track actin protein in the model organism D. melanogaster.

Current aspects of organoid technology for biomaterial toxicity analysis.

Organoids provide us an opportunity to understand how diseases affect cellular physiology, human tissues or organs. They are indespensible tools for biomaterial toxicity analysis, drug discovery and regenerative medicine.

A quick and laidback way to detect the internal structure of the Drosophila eye: An alternative to cryosectioning.

Immunofluorescence techniques have been a great tool to chase the structure, localization, and function of many proteins within a cell. Drosophila eye is widely used as a model to answer various questions. However, the complex sample preparation and visualization methods restrict its use only with an expert's hand. Thus, an easy and hassle-free method is in need to broaden the use of this model even with an amateur's hand. The current protocol describes an easy sample preparation method using DMSO to image the adult fly eye. The brief description of sample collection, preparation, dissection, staining, imaging, storage, and handling has been described over here. For readers, the possible problems that might arise during the execution of the experiment have been described with their possible reason and solutions. The overall protocol reduces the use of chemicals and shortens the sample preparation time to only 3 h, which is significantly less in comparison to other protocols.

In Vivo Toxicological Analysis of MnFe2O4@poly(tBGE-alt-PA) Composite as a Hybrid Nanomaterial for Possible Biomedical Use.

Nanocomposites have significantly contributed to biomedical science due to less aggregation behavior and enhanced physicochemical properties. This study synthesized a MnFe2O4@poly(tBGE-alt-PA) nanocomposite for the first time and physicochemically characterized it. The obtained hybrid nanomaterial was tested in vivo for its toxicological properties before use in drug delivery, tissue engineering fields, and environmental applications. The composite was biocompatible with mouse fibroblast cells and hemocompatible with 2% RBC suspension. This nanocomposite was tested on Drosophila melanogaster due to its small size, well-sequenced genome, and low cost of testing. The larvae's crawling speed and direction were measured after feeding. No abnormal path and altered crawling pattern indicated the nonappearance of abnormal neurological disorder in the larva. The gut organ toxicity was further analyzed using DAPI and DCFH-DA dye to examine the structural anomalies. No apoptosis and necrosis were observed in the gut of the fruit fly. Next, adult flies were examined for phenotypic anomalies after their pupal phases emerged. No defects in the phenotypes, including the eye, wings, abdomen, and bristles, were found in our study. Based on these observations, the MnFe2O4@poly(tBGE-alt-PA) composite may be used for various biomedical and environmental applications.

Characterization and identification of inulin from Pachyrhizus erosus and evaluation of its antioxidant and in-vitro prebiotic efficacy.

Inulin is the polysaccharide obtained from different plant sources i.e. Wheat, Chicory, Jerusalem artichoke and Dahlia. In this study, Jicama (Pachyrhizus erosus) is used to isolate inulin using the microwave heating. The 1H NMR study reveals the presence of fructose and glucose unit which is the backbone of inulin. Further FT-IR and Raman confirmed the functional groups present in inulin. The UV-Vis spectroscopy analysis depicts the purity of the isolated inulin. The shape and size of the extracted inulin was determined from scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering appeared as flat-flakes and 135 nm respectively. X-ray diffractogram showed semi-crystalline nature suggesting the stability of the extracted inulin. The isolated inulin has phenolic and flavonoid content of 8.1804 ± 6.26 mg gallic acid equivalent/g and 14.387 ± 4.192 mg rutin equivalent/g of dried polysaccharide respectively. The inhibition percentage of DPPH and FRAP of isolated inulin were found to be 75.74 ± 4.5% and 0.11 ± 0.007 respectively. The isolated inulin promotes the growth of probiotics like Enterococcus faecium (MZ540315) and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (MZ540317). All the analysis suggest the isolated inulin has good prebiotic potential as the commercially available one. The current study proposes that isolated inulin can be used as a prebiotic in the future. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-022-05619-6.

Synthesis of First Coumarin Fluorescent Dye for Actin Visualization.

Selective fluorescence imaging of actin protein hugely depends on the fluorescently labeled actin-binding domain (ABD). Thus, it is always a challenging task to image the actin protein (in vivo or in vitro) directly with an ABD-free system. To overcome the limitations of actin imaging without an ABD, we have designed a facile and cost-effective red fluorescent coumarin dye 7-hydroxy-4-methyl-8-(4-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)thiazol-2-ylimino)methyl-2H-chromen-2-one (CTC) for actin binding. The selective binding of the dye was investigated using the gut and eye of the model organism Drosophila melanogaster and C2C12 and SCC-9 cell lines. Our result suggests two major advantages of CTC over the dyes presently used for imaging actin proteins. First, the dye can bind to actin efficiently without any secondary intermediate. Second, it is much more stable at room temperature and exhibits excellent photostability. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first fluorescent dye that can bind to the actin protein without employing any secondary intermediate/actin-binding domain. These findings could pave the way for many biologists and physicists to successfully employ the CTC dye for imaging and tracking actin proteins by fluorescence microscopy in various in vivo and in vitro systems.

Anti-amyloidogenic property of gold nanoparticle decorated quercetin polymer nanorods in pH and temperature induced aggregation of lysozyme.

Quercetin is an abundant plant polyphenol effective against several diseases due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Herein, we report novel polymeric quercetin nanorods and the former decorated with gold nanoparticles for the first time. The prepared conjugates quercetin-polyvinylpyrrolidone (Q-PVP) and quercetin-polyvinylpyrrolidone-gold nanoparticles (Q-PVP-Au) were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared, dynamic light scattering, and zeta potential measurements. The surface morphology of conjugates was analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscopy. These conjugates exhibit harmonized rod-like morphology with a narrow size distribution. Furthermore, the quercetin conjugates with nanorod morphology exhibited enhanced and prolonged drug release over a long period. The synthesized conjugates were investigated for lysozyme aggregation kinetics. ThT binding assay, fibril size measurement, and electron microscopy results revealed that conjugates could suppress fibrillogenesis in lysozyme. The highest amyloid aggregation inhibition activity (IC50) was obtained against Q-PVP and Q-PVP-Au at 32 µg mL-1 and 30 µg mL-1 respectively. The amyloid aggregate disintegration activity (DC50) obtained against Q-PVP and Q-PVP-Au was 27 µg mL-1 and 29 µg mL-1 respectively. The present quercetin conjugates exhibit enhanced bioavailability and stability. They were potent inhibitors of lysozyme aggregation that may find applications as a therapeutic agent in neurological diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.

Inulin-A polysaccharide: Review on its functional and prebiotic efficacy.

The intake of dietary fibers in the regular diet results in boosting the gut microbiome and health of the host in several ways. The misapprehension about such dietary fibers of being only an indigestible product has changed into indispensable ingredient that has to be included in every healthy diet. Inulin is considered to be an important naturally occurring fructan classified under such dietary fibers. The present review intends to provide a thorough knowledge on inulin in maintaining the gut microbiome of the human, supported by several studies conducted on the Drosophila melanogaster, mice, rat models as well as effect on human being. The extraction process of inulin has also been described in this review that would provide a brief knowledge about its stability and the conditions that have been optimized by the researchers in order to obtain a stable product. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: In order to meet the consumers demand, the food industries are trying to come up with new products that could eventually replace or lower the utilization of medically avail drugs and satisfy consumers by providing them with health benefits. The availability of functional food is the new trend that can improve health of the consumers with minimal use of the drugs. Therefore, inulin as a prebiotic can be utilized to produce several functional food products that could promote health benefits to the consumers. Apart from this, the review also justifies the efficacy of inulin as a fat replacer, stabilizer, and humectant in cosmetic industries. Research also suggests that inulin has also been used as nanoparticles in pharmaceutical industries. The overall review also depicts the different extraction process of inulin from different sources.

Characterization of exopolysaccharide derived from Enterobacter ludwigii and its possible role as an emulsifier.

Enterobacter ludwigii is an oral growing bacteria responsible for teeth blackening. It can form biofilm. The exopolysaccharide (EPS) cluster associated with biofilm formation was isolated using ethanol precipitation and the formaldehyde-sodium hydroxide method. The chemical characterization of EPS was done using UV spectroscopy, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis of  EPS has revealed the presence of carbon > boron > nitrogen > phosphorous > calcium > sulfur > iron > potassium > magnesium. The carbon content was quite high (72.72-77.63%) in the EPS due to polysaccharide composition. The study showed the presence of different monosaccharides glucose (16.91%), galactose (4.25%), mannose (4.04%), and xylose (8.06%) as the major components of EPS. It appears such as thin filaments with three-dimensional structure, compact, irregular lumps and stacked flakes of polysaccharides. The EPS was also examined using different 1D, 2D Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy techniques (1H NMR, 13C NMR, 1H-1H COSY, 1H-13C HSQC, 1H-13C HMBC) with different deuterated solvents (Protic and aprotic solvents for exchangeable protons), which showed eight distinguished monomers (seven confirmed by HSQC spectrum and one from 1H spectrum). Semi-crystalline nature and thermal stability were confirmed by X-ray diffractogram and differential scanning calorimetry analysis, respectively. The EPS further shows antioxidant potential in a concentration-dependent manner. It can form a stable emulsion against different edible oil that makes it promising alternative for use in food, and pharmaceutical industries. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03279-z.

Treating the Onset of Diabetes Using Probiotics Along with Prebiotic from Pachyrhizus erosus in High-Fat Diet Fed Drosophila melanogaster.

The increasing mortality due to hypertension and hypercholesterolemia is directly linked with type-2 diabetes. This shows the lethality of the disease. Reports suggest that the prebiotics along with probiotics help in lowering the effects of type-2 diabetes. Prebiotic like inulin is best known for its anti-diabetic effect. The current study utilizes jicama extract as prebiotic source of inulin along with the bacterial strains with probiotic properties (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Enterococcus faecium) for treating type-2 diabetes in high-fat diet-induced Drosophila melanogaster model. The high-fat diet-induced Drosophila showed deposition of lipid droplets and formation of micronuclei in the gut. The larva and adult treated with probiotics and synbiotic (probiotic + prebiotic- inulin) comparatively reduced the lipid deposition and micronuclei number in the gut. The increased amount of triglyceride in the whole body of the fatty larva and adult indicated the onset of diabetes. The overexpression of insulin-like genes (Dilp 2) and (Dilp 5) confirmed the insulin resistance, whereas the expression was reduced in the larva and adult supplemented with probiotics and synbiotic. The reactive oxygen species level was reduced with the supplementation of probiotics. The weight, larva size, crawling speed and climbing were also altered in high-fat diet-induced Drosophila melanogaster. The study confirmed the effects of probiotics and synbiotic in successfully lowering diabetes in Drosophila. The study also proved the anti-diabetic potential of the probiotics. Further, it was also confirmed that the probiotics work better in the presence of prebiotic.